I used to use that approach, but found in the last several years more than half the web sites I use reject email addresses with “+” characters.

I even use several sites that used to take those addresses just fine now reject them. That made me wonder if some common JS package for parsing email addresses got changed.

M.2 is a serious win. That’s why I couldn’t believe the RPi5 didn’t include one natively.

I have a mix of Orange and Raspberry Pis. It all depends on their features, specs, and price point for the job. But if I don’t need a HAT, Orange usually wins out.

I’d rather have an M.2 connector without requiring a HAT.

I’ll stick with my Orange Pi 5 for now which comes with one, tyvm.

I’ve written hundreds (thousands?) of GNU Makefiles over the past 30 years and never had a need to unconditionally run particular targets before all others. GNU Make utility is a rule-based language. I’d suggest what you’re attempting to do is enforce an imperative programming language model onto a rule-based programming language model, which you’re going to run into trouble trying to code in a different language model than the tool’s native model.

Can you provide what you mean by check the environment, and why you’d need to do that before anything else?

For example, in the past I’ve want to determine if and which particular command was installed, so I have near the top of my Makefile:

container_command_defaults = podman docker
container_command_default_paths := $(shell command -v $(container_command_defaults))

ifndef container_command
  container_command = $(firstword $(container_command_default_paths))
  ifeq ($(container_command),)
    $(error You must have docker or podman installed)
  endif
endif

Using the := operator with $(shell ...) is a way to run a command while GNU Make is initially parsing your Makefile. Normally, using := assignment operator is antithetical to a rule-based language, so you want to limit its use as much as possible, but unusual exceptions can exist.

I’m also unclear what you mean by “ensure variables are set”. What kind of variables?

The above snippet shows how you can check if a makefile variable is set when the Makefile is first parsed, if not, declare an error and exit. (The same approach works for environment variables too.)

Preparing a particular layout ahead of time is not the best approach. I’d suggest a given layout is nothing more than dependencies that should be declared as such.

Also, running specific targets or rules unconditionally can lead to trouble later as your Makefile grows up. You may eventually have additional targets that say provide information about the build’s state or run checks or tests. You wouldn’t want those targets necessarily to go off and build an entire tree of directories for you or take other unnecessary actions.

If you want to ensure certain directories are present, add those as dependencies for those targets with the | character. For example:

build_directory ?= build
build_make = $(MAKE) ...
targets = ...

all: FORCE | $(build_directory)
	$(build_make) $(targets)

$(build_directory):
	mkdir -p -- '$@'

Even though I’ve been writing GNU Makefiles for decades, I still am learning new stuff constantly, so if someone has better, different ways, I’m certainly up for studying them.

I think the joke would have been better and more understandable if it had used different corporate names rather than states. But, of course, that might have been legally problematic.

Since being forced to use this terrible communication method in my teams and groups, I’ve been copy-and-pasting good Q&A threads into text files that I push to an enterprise GitHub repo for perma-store. At least that way other engineers and myself can either use GitHub’s search or clone the repo locally, grep it, and even contribute back with PRs. Sometimes from there, turn into a wiki, but that’s pretty rare. My approach is horribly inefficient and so much stuff is still lost, but it’s better than Discord’s search or dealing with Confluence.