Yes, speaking from experience building ads on Google.

You’re tracked with an anonymized id. If they’re able to remotely tell any of your past activity or similar searches by others searching for the same term, then they will alter results.

This is especially true for any paid ads that appear since companies can bid to appear higher on competitor terms or names.

I can even say “if someone downloaded x-z specific apps on their phones, then consider them interested in my ad”.